Basics

The htmlTable package is intended for generating tables using HTML formatting. This format is compatible with Markdown when used for HTML-output. The most basic table can easily be created by just passing a matrix or a data.frame to the htmlTable-function:

library(magrittr)
library(htmlTable)
# A simple output
output <- matrix(1:4,
                 ncol=2,
                 dimnames = list(list("Row 1", "Row 2"),
                                 list("Column 1", "Column 2")))
htmlTable(output)

If you are using dplyr and tidyverse a convenient wrapper is the tidyHtmlTable function (check out vignette("tidyHtmlTable")). A simple example of the tidyHtmlTable would look something like this:

library(tidyverse)
library(glue)
mtcars |>
  as_tibble(rownames = "rnames") |>
  filter(cyl == 6 & qsec < 18) |>
  pivot_longer(names_to = "per_metric",
               cols = c(hp, mpg, qsec)) |>
  arrange(gear, rnames) |>
  mutate(gear = glue("{gear} gears")) |>
  addHtmlTableStyle(align = "r") |>
  tidyHtmlTable(header = per_metric, rnames = rnames, rgroup = gear,
                caption = "A simple <code>tidyHtmlTable</code> example using <code>mtcars</code>")

Advanced

While it may be sufficient for basic tables a more advanced layout is often needed in medical publications with elements such as:

• row groups
• column spanners
• table spanners
• caption
• table footer
• zebra coloring (also know as banding):
  • rows
  • columns

As many journals require that a MS Word-document is submitted it is furthermore also important that the table imports correctly to a word processor, i.e. that the table doesn’t only look nice in a web browser but also in the final document. The htmlTable-function is written for all these purposes.

Note: Due to GitHub CSS-styles the rows get automatically zebra-striped (in a bad way), borders get overridden and I haven’t been able to figure out how to change this. See the vignette for a correct example: vignette("general", package = "htmlTable")

For demonstration purposes we will setup a basic matrix:

mx <-
  matrix(ncol=6, nrow=8) |>
  set_rownames(paste(c("1st", "2nd", "3rd",
                       paste0(4:8, "th")),
                     "row")) |>
  set_colnames(paste(c("1st", "2nd", "3rd",
                       paste0(4:6, "th")),
                     "hdr"))

for (nr in 1:nrow(mx)){
  for (nc in 1:ncol(mx)){
    mx[nr, nc] <-
      paste0(nr, ":", nc)
  }
}

Row groups

The purpose of the row groups is to group variables that belong to the same group, e.g. a factored variable with more than two levels often benefit from grouping variables together.

htmlTable(mx,
          rgroup = paste("Group", LETTERS[1:3]),
          n.rgroup = c(2,4,nrow(mx) - 6))

We can easily mix row groups with regular variables by having an empty row group name "":

htmlTable(mx,
          rgroup = c(paste("Group", LETTERS[1:2]), ""),
          n.rgroup = c(2,4,nrow(mx) - 6))

When mixing row groups with variables without row groups we may want to omit the bold formatting of the row group label. As of htmlTable version 2.0 you can separate the css styling using addHtmlTableStyle:

mx |>
  addHtmlTableStyle(css.rgroup = "") |>
  htmlTable(rgroup = c(paste("Group", LETTERS[1:2]), ""),
            n.rgroup = c(2,4,nrow(mx) - 6))

Column spanners

A column spanner spans 2 or more columns:

htmlTable(mx,
          cgroup = c("Cgroup 1", "Cgroup 2"),
          n.cgroup = c(2,4))

It can sometimes be convenient to have column spanners in multiple levels:

htmlTable(mx,
          cgroup = rbind(c("", "Column spanners", NA),
                         c("", "Cgroup 1", "Cgroup 2")),
          n.cgroup = rbind(c(1,2,NA),
                           c(2,2,2)))

Above example allows the column spanner to be a sum of the underlying cgroups (see n.cgroup), this is not required by the function:

htmlTable(mx,
          cgroup = rbind(c("", "Column spanners", NA),
                         c("", "Cgroup 1", "Cgroup 2")),
          n.cgroup = rbind(c(1,5,NA),
                           c(2,1,3)))

Table spanners

A table spanner is similar to rgroup but has the primary purpose of combining 2 or more tables with the same columns into one:

htmlTable(mx,
          tspanner = paste("Spanner", LETTERS[1:3]),
          n.tspanner = c(2,4,nrow(mx) - 6))

Table caption

The table caption is simply the table description and can be either located above or below the table:

htmlTable(mx[1:2,1:2],
          caption="A table caption above")

mx[1:2,1:2] |>
  addHtmlTableStyle(pos.caption = "bottom") |>
  htmlTable(caption="A table caption below")

A more interesting detail that the function allows for is table numbering, initialized by:

options(table_counter = TRUE)

htmlTable(mx[1:2,1:2],
          caption="A table caption with a numbering")

As we often want to reference the table number in the text there are two associated functions:

tblNoLast()

## [1] 1

tblNoNext()

## [1] 2

Table footer

The footer usually contains specifics regarding variables and is always located at the foot of the table:

htmlTable(mx[1:2,1:2],
          tfoot="A table footer")

Putting it all together

Now if we want to do everything in one table it may look like this:

mx |>
  addHtmlTableStyle(col.columns = c(rep("none", 2), rep("#F5FBFF", 4)),
                    col.rgroup = c("none", "#F7F7F7"),
                    css.cell = "padding-left: .5em; padding-right: .2em;",
                    align="r") |>
  htmlTable(rgroup = paste("Group", LETTERS[1:3]),
            n.rgroup = c(2, 4),
            cgroup = rbind(c("", "Column spanners", NA),
                           c("", "Cgroup 1", "Cgroup 2†")),
            n.cgroup = rbind(c(1, 2, NA), c(2, 2, 2)),
            caption="A table with column spanners, row groups, and zebra striping",
            tfoot="† A table footer commment",
            cspan.rgroup = 2)

    <td style='padding-left: .5em; padding-right: .2em; font-weight: 900; text-align: right;'></td>
    <td style='font-weight: 900;' colspan='1'>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style='padding-left: .5em; padding-right: .2em; font-weight: 900; text-align: right; background-color: #f5fbff;'></td>
    <td style='padding-left: .5em; padding-right: .2em; font-weight: 900; text-align: right; background-color: #f5fbff;'></td>
    <td style='font-weight: 900; background-color: #f5fbff;' colspan='1'>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style='padding-left: .5em; padding-right: .2em; font-weight: 900; text-align: right; background-color: #f5fbff;'></td>
    <td style='padding-left: .5em; padding-right: .2em; font-weight: 900; text-align: right; background-color: #f5fbff;'></td></tr>
<tr>
    <td style='text-align: left;'>&nbsp;&nbsp;1st row</td>
    <td style='padding-left: .5em; padding-right: .2em; text-align: right;'>1:1</td>
    <td style='padding-left: .5em; padding-right: .2em; text-align: right;'>1:2</td>
    <td style='' colspan='1'>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style='padding-left: .5em; padding-right: .2em; text-align: right; background-color: #f5fbff;'>1:3</td>
    <td style='padding-left: .5em; padding-right: .2em; text-align: right; background-color: #f5fbff;'>1:4</td>
    <td style='background-color: #f5fbff;' colspan='1'>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style='padding-left: .5em; padding-right: .2em; text-align: right; background-color: #f5fbff;'>1:5</td>
    <td style='padding-left: .5em; padding-right: .2em; text-align: right; background-color: #f5fbff;'>1:6</td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td style='text-align: left;'>&nbsp;&nbsp;2nd row</td>
    <td style='padding-left: .5em; padding-right: .2em; text-align: right;'>2:1</td>
    <td style='padding-left: .5em; padding-right: .2em; text-align: right;'>2:2</td>
    <td style='' colspan='1'>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style='padding-left: .5em; padding-right: .2em; text-align: right; background-color: #f5fbff;'>2:3</td>
    <td style='padding-left: .5em; padding-right: .2em; text-align: right; background-color: #f5fbff;'>2:4</td>
    <td style='background-color: #f5fbff;' colspan='1'>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style='padding-left: .5em; padding-right: .2em; text-align: right; background-color: #f5fbff;'>2:5</td>
    <td style='padding-left: .5em; padding-right: .2em; text-align: right; background-color: #f5fbff;'>2:6</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan='2' style='font-weight: 900; background-color: #f7f7f7;'>Group B</td>
    <td style='padding-left: .5em; padding-right: .2em; font-weight: 900; background-color: #f7f7f7; text-align: right;'></td>
    <td style='font-weight: 900; background-color: #f7f7f7;' colspan='1'>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style='padding-left: .5em; padding-right: .2em; font-weight: 900; text-align: right; background-color: #F6F9FB;'></td>
    <td style='padding-left: .5em; padding-right: .2em; font-weight: 900; text-align: right; background-color: #F6F9FB;'></td>
    <td style='font-weight: 900; background-color: #F6F9FB;' colspan='1'>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style='padding-left: .5em; padding-right: .2em; font-weight: 900; text-align: right; background-color: #F6F9FB;'></td>
    <td style='padding-left: .5em; padding-right: .2em; font-weight: 900; text-align: right; background-color: #F6F9FB;'></td></tr>
<tr style='background-color: #f7f7f7;'>
    <td style='background-color: #f7f7f7; text-align: left;'>&nbsp;&nbsp;3rd row</td>
    <td style='padding-left: .5em; padding-right: .2em; background-color: #f7f7f7; text-align: right;'>3:1</td>
    <td style='padding-left: .5em; padding-right: .2em; background-color: #f7f7f7; text-align: right;'>3:2</td>
    <td style='background-color: #f7f7f7;' colspan='1'>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style='padding-left: .5em; padding-right: .2em; text-align: right; background-color: #F6F9FB;'>3:3</td>
    <td style='padding-left: .5em; padding-right: .2em; text-align: right; background-color: #F6F9FB;'>3:4</td>
    <td style='background-color: #F6F9FB;' colspan='1'>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style='padding-left: .5em; padding-right: .2em; text-align: right; background-color: #F6F9FB;'>3:5</td>
    <td style='padding-left: .5em; padding-right: .2em; text-align: right; background-color: #F6F9FB;'>3:6</td>
</tr>
<tr style='background-color: #f7f7f7;'>
    <td style='background-color: #f7f7f7; text-align: left;'>&nbsp;&nbsp;4th row</td>
    <td style='padding-left: .5em; padding-right: .2em; background-color: #f7f7f7; text-align: right;'>4:1</td>
    <td style='padding-left: .5em; padding-right: .2em; background-color: #f7f7f7; text-align: right;'>4:2</td>
    <td style='background-color: #f7f7f7;' colspan='1'>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style='padding-left: .5em; padding-right: .2em; text-align: right; background-color: #F6F9FB;'>4:3</td>
    <td style='padding-left: .5em; padding-right: .2em; text-align: right; background-color: #F6F9FB;'>4:4</td>
    <td style='background-color: #F6F9FB;' colspan='1'>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style='padding-left: .5em; padding-right: .2em; text-align: right; background-color: #F6F9FB;'>4:5</td>
    <td style='padding-left: .5em; padding-right: .2em; text-align: right; background-color: #F6F9FB;'>4:6</td>
</tr>
<tr style='background-color: #f7f7f7;'>
    <td style='background-color: #f7f7f7; text-align: left;'>&nbsp;&nbsp;5th row</td>
    <td style='padding-left: .5em; padding-right: .2em; background-color: #f7f7f7; text-align: right;'>5:1</td>
    <td style='padding-left: .5em; padding-right: .2em; background-color: #f7f7f7; text-align: right;'>5:2</td>
    <td style='background-color: #f7f7f7;' colspan='1'>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style='padding-left: .5em; padding-right: .2em; text-align: right; background-color: #F6F9FB;'>5:3</td>
    <td style='padding-left: .5em; padding-right: .2em; text-align: right; background-color: #F6F9FB;'>5:4</td>
    <td style='background-color: #F6F9FB;' colspan='1'>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style='padding-left: .5em; padding-right: .2em; text-align: right; background-color: #F6F9FB;'>5:5</td>
    <td style='padding-left: .5em; padding-right: .2em; text-align: right; background-color: #F6F9FB;'>5:6</td>
</tr>
<tr style='background-color: #f7f7f7;'>
    <td style='background-color: #f7f7f7; text-align: left;'>&nbsp;&nbsp;6th row</td>
    <td style='padding-left: .5em; padding-right: .2em; background-color: #f7f7f7; text-align: right;'>6:1</td>
    <td style='padding-left: .5em; padding-right: .2em; background-color: #f7f7f7; text-align: right;'>6:2</td>
    <td style='background-color: #f7f7f7;' colspan='1'>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style='padding-left: .5em; padding-right: .2em; text-align: right; background-color: #F6F9FB;'>6:3</td>
    <td style='padding-left: .5em; padding-right: .2em; text-align: right; background-color: #F6F9FB;'>6:4</td>
    <td style='background-color: #F6F9FB;' colspan='1'>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style='padding-left: .5em; padding-right: .2em; text-align: right; background-color: #F6F9FB;'>6:5</td>
    <td style='padding-left: .5em; padding-right: .2em; text-align: right; background-color: #F6F9FB;'>6:6</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan='2' style='font-weight: 900;'>Group C</td>
    <td style='padding-left: .5em; padding-right: .2em; font-weight: 900; text-align: right;'></td>
    <td style='font-weight: 900;' colspan='1'>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style='padding-left: .5em; padding-right: .2em; font-weight: 900; text-align: right; background-color: #f5fbff;'></td>
    <td style='padding-left: .5em; padding-right: .2em; font-weight: 900; text-align: right; background-color: #f5fbff;'></td>
    <td style='font-weight: 900; background-color: #f5fbff;' colspan='1'>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style='padding-left: .5em; padding-right: .2em; font-weight: 900; text-align: right; background-color: #f5fbff;'></td>
    <td style='padding-left: .5em; padding-right: .2em; font-weight: 900; text-align: right; background-color: #f5fbff;'></td></tr>
<tr>
    <td style='text-align: left;'>&nbsp;&nbsp;7th row</td>
    <td style='padding-left: .5em; padding-right: .2em; text-align: right;'>7:1</td>
    <td style='padding-left: .5em; padding-right: .2em; text-align: right;'>7:2</td>
    <td style='' colspan='1'>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style='padding-left: .5em; padding-right: .2em; text-align: right; background-color: #f5fbff;'>7:3</td>
    <td style='padding-left: .5em; padding-right: .2em; text-align: right; background-color: #f5fbff;'>7:4</td>
    <td style='background-color: #f5fbff;' colspan='1'>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style='padding-left: .5em; padding-right: .2em; text-align: right; background-color: #f5fbff;'>7:5</td>
    <td style='padding-left: .5em; padding-right: .2em; text-align: right; background-color: #f5fbff;'>7:6</td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td style='border-bottom: 2px solid grey; text-align: left;'>&nbsp;&nbsp;8th row</td>
    <td style='padding-left: .5em; padding-right: .2em; border-bottom: 2px solid grey; text-align: right;'>8:1</td>
    <td style='padding-left: .5em; padding-right: .2em; border-bottom: 2px solid grey; text-align: right;'>8:2</td>
    <td style='border-bottom: 2px solid grey;' colspan='1'>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style='padding-left: .5em; padding-right: .2em; border-bottom: 2px solid grey; text-align: right; background-color: #f5fbff;'>8:3</td>
    <td style='padding-left: .5em; padding-right: .2em; border-bottom: 2px solid grey; text-align: right; background-color: #f5fbff;'>8:4</td>
    <td style='border-bottom: 2px solid grey; background-color: #f5fbff;' colspan='1'>&nbsp;</td>
    <td style='padding-left: .5em; padding-right: .2em; border-bottom: 2px solid grey; text-align: right; background-color: #f5fbff;'>8:5</td>
    <td style='padding-left: .5em; padding-right: .2em; border-bottom: 2px solid grey; text-align: right; background-color: #f5fbff;'>8:6</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<tfoot><tr><td colspan='9'>
&dagger; A table footer comment</td></tr></tfoot>