Network Working Group Q. Dang
Request for Comments: 5758 NIST
Updates: 3279 S. Santesson
Category: Standards Track 3xA Security
K. Moriarty
EMC
D. Brown
Certicom Corp.
T. Polk
NIST
December 2009
Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure:
Additional Algorithms and Identifiers for DSA and ECDSA
Abstract
This document updates RFC 3279 to specify algorithm identifiers and
ASN.1 encoding rules for the Digital Signature Algorithm (DSA) and
Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA) digital signatures
when using SHA-224, SHA-256, SHA-384, or SHA-512 as the hashing
algorithm. This specification applies to the Internet X.509 Public
Key infrastructure (PKI) when digital signatures are used to sign
certificates and certificate revocation lists (CRLs). This document
also identifies all four SHA2 hash algorithms for use in the Internet
X.509 PKI.
Status of This Memo
This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the
Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for
improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet
Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state
and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
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Table of Contents
1. Introduction ....................................................2
2. Hash Functions ..................................................2
3. Signature Algorithms ............................................3
3.1. DSA Signature Algorithm ....................................3
3.2. ECDSA Signature Algorithm ..................................4
4. ASN.1 Module ....................................................5
5. Security Considerations .........................................5
6. References ......................................................6
6.1. Normative References .......................................6
6.2. Informative References .....................................6
7. Acknowledgements ................................................7
1. Introduction
This specification defines the contents of the signatureAlgorithm,
signatureValue, and signature fields within Internet X.509
certificates and CRLs when these objects are signed using DSA or
ECDSA with a SHA2 hash algorithm. These fields are more fully
described in RFC 5280 [RFC5280]. This document also identifies all
four SHA2 hash algorithms for use in the Internet X.509 PKI.
This document profiles material presented in the "Secure Hash
Standard" [FIPS180-3], "Public Key Cryptography for the Financial
Services Industry: The Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Standard
(ECDSA)" [X9.62], and the "Digital Signature Standard" [FIPS186-3].
This document updates RFC 3279 [RFC3279] Sections 2.1, 2.2.2, and
2.2.3. Note that RFC 5480 [RFC5480] updates Sections 2.3.5, 3 (ASN.1
Module), and 5 (Security Considerations) of RFC 3279.
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].
2. Hash Functions
This section identifies four additional hash algorithms for use with
DSA and ECDSA in the Internet X.509 certificate and CRL profile
[RFC5280]. SHA-224, SHA-256, SHA-384, and SHA-512 produce a 224-bit,
256-bit, 384-bit, and 512-bit "hash" of the input, respectively, and
are fully described in the Federal Information Processing Standard
180-3 "Secure Hash Standard" [FIPS180-3].
The listed one-way hash functions are identified by the following
object identifiers (OIDs):
id-sha224 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { joint-iso-itu-t(2)
country(16) us(840) organization(1) gov(101) csor(3)
nistalgorithm(4) hashalgs(2) 4 }
id-sha256 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { joint-iso-itu-t(2)
country(16) us(840) organization(1) gov(101) csor(3)
nistalgorithm(4) hashalgs(2) 1 }
id-sha384 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { joint-iso-itu-t(2)
country(16) us(840) organization(1) gov(101) csor(3)
nistalgorithm(4) hashalgs(2) 2 }
id-sha512 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { joint-iso-itu-t(2)
country(16) us(840) organization(1) gov(101) csor(3)
nistalgorithm(4) hashalgs(2) 3 }
When one of these OIDs appears in an AlgorithmIdentifier, all
implementations MUST accept both NULL and absent parameters as legal
and equivalent encodings.
Conforming certification authority (CA) implementations SHOULD use
SHA-224, SHA-256, SHA-384, or SHA-512 when generating certificates or
CRLs, but MAY use SHA-1 if they have a stated policy that requires
the use of this weaker algorithm.
3. Signature Algorithms
This section identifies OIDs for DSA with SHA-224 and SHA-256 as well
as ECDSA with SHA-224, SHA-256, SHA-384, and SHA-512. The contents
of the parameters component for each signature algorithm vary;
details are provided for each algorithm.
3.1. DSA Signature Algorithm
The DSA is defined in the Digital Signature Standard (DSS)
[FIPS186-3]. DSA was developed by the U.S. Government, and can be
used in conjunction with a SHA2 hash function such as SHA-224 or
SHA-256. DSA is fully described in [FIPS186-3].
When SHA-224 is used, the OID is:
id-dsa-with-sha224 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { joint-iso-ccitt(2)
country(16) us(840) organization(1) gov(101) csor(3)
algorithms(4) id-dsa-with-sha2(3) 1 }.
When SHA-256 is used, the OID is:
id-dsa-with-sha256 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { joint-iso-ccitt(2)
country(16) us(840) organization(1) gov(101) csor(3)
algorithms(4) id-dsa-with-sha2(3) 2 }.
When the id-dsa-with-sha224 or id-dsa-with-sha256 algorithm
identifier appears in the algorithm field as an AlgorithmIdentifier,
the encoding SHALL omit the parameters field. That is, the
AlgorithmIdentifier SHALL be a SEQUENCE of one component, the OID
id-dsa-with-sha224 or id-dsa-with-sha256.
Encoding rules for DSA signature values are specified in [RFC3279].
Conforming CA implementations that generate DSA signatures for
certificates or CRLs MUST generate such DSA signatures in accordance
with all the requirements in Sections 4.1, 4.5, and 4.6 of
[FIPS186-3].
Conforming CA implementations that generate DSA signatures for
certificates or CRLs MAY generate such DSA signatures in accordance
with all the requirements and recommendations in [FIPS186-3], if they
have a stated policy that requires conformance to [FIPS186-3].
3.2. ECDSA Signature Algorithm
The Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA) is defined in
"Public Key Cryptography for the Financial Services Industry: The
Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Standard (ECDSA)" [X9.62]. The
ASN.1 OIDs used to specify that an ECDSA signature was generated
using SHA-224, SHA-256, SHA-384, or SHA-512 are, respectively:
ecdsa-with-SHA224 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { iso(1) member-body(2)
us(840) ansi-X9-62(10045) signatures(4) ecdsa-with-SHA2(3) 1 }
ecdsa-with-SHA256 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { iso(1) member-body(2)
us(840) ansi-X9-62(10045) signatures(4) ecdsa-with-SHA2(3) 2 }
ecdsa-with-SHA384 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { iso(1) member-body(2)
us(840) ansi-X9-62(10045) signatures(4) ecdsa-with-SHA2(3) 3 }
ecdsa-with-SHA512 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { iso(1) member-body(2)
us(840) ansi-X9-62(10045) signatures(4) ecdsa-with-SHA2(3) 4 }
When the ecdsa-with-SHA224, ecdsa-with-SHA256, ecdsa-with-SHA384, or
ecdsa-with-SHA512 algorithm identifier appears in the algorithm field
as an AlgorithmIdentifier, the encoding MUST omit the parameters
field. That is, the AlgorithmIdentifier SHALL be a SEQUENCE of one
component, the OID ecdsa-with-SHA224, ecdsa-with-SHA256, ecdsa-with-
SHA384, or ecdsa-with-SHA512.
Conforming CA implementations MUST specify the hash algorithm
explicitly using the OIDs specified above when encoding ECDSA/SHA2
signatures in certificates and CRLs.
Conforming client implementations that process ECDSA signatures with
any of the SHA2 hash algorithms when processing certificates and CRLs
MUST recognize the corresponding OIDs specified above.
Encoding rules for ECDSA signature values are specified in RFC 3279
[RFC3279], Section 2.2.3, and RFC 5480 [RFC5480].
Conforming CA implementations that generate ECDSA signatures in
certificates or CRLs MUST generate such ECDSA signatures in
accordance with all the requirements specified in Sections 7.2 and
7.3 of [X9.62] or with all the requirements specified in Section
4.1.3 of [SEC1].
Conforming CA implementations that ECDSA signatures in certificates
or CRLs MAY generate such ECDSA signatures in accordance with all the
requirements and recommendations in [X9.62] or [SEC1] if they have a
stated policy that requires conformance to [X9.62] or [SEC1].
4. ASN.1 Module
The OIDs of the SHA2 hash algorithms are in the RFC 4055 [RFC4055]
ASN.1 module and the OIDs for DSA with SHA-224 and SHA-256 as well as
ECDSA with SHA-224, SHA-256, SHA-384, and SHA-512 are defined in the
RFC 5480 [RFC5480] ASN.1 module.
5. Security Considerations
NIST has defined appropriate use of the hash functions in terms of
the algorithm strengths and expected time frames for secure use in
Special Publications (SPs) 800-78-1 [SP800-78-1], 800-57 [SP800-57],
and 800-107 [SP800-107]. These documents can be used as guides to
choose appropriate key sizes for various security scenarios.
ANSI also provides security considerations for ECDSA in [X9.62].
These security considerations may be used as a guide.
6. References
6.1. Normative References
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
[RFC3279] Bassham, L., Polk, W., and R. Housley, "Algorithms and
Identifiers for the Internet X.509 Public Key
Infrastructure Certificate and Certificate Revocation
List (CRL) Profile", RFC 3279, April 2002.
[RFC4055] Schaad, J., Kaliski, B., and R. Housley, "Additional
Algorithms and Identifiers for RSA Cryptography for use
in the Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure
Certificate and Certificate Revocation List (CRL)
Profile", RFC 4055, June 2005.
[RFC5480] Turner, S., Brown, D., Yiu, K., Housley, R., and T.
Polk, "Elliptic Curve Cryptography Subject Public Key
Information", RFC 5480, March 2009.
[RFC5280] Cooper, D., Santesson, S., Farrell, S., Boeyen, S.,
Housley, R., and W. Polk, "Internet X.509 Public Key
Infrastructure Certificate and Certificate Revocation
List (CRL) Profile", RFC 5280, May 2008.
[FIPS180-3] Federal Information Processing Standards Publication
(FIPS PUB) 180-3, Secure Hash Standard (SHS), October
2008.
[FIPS186-3] Federal Information Processing Standards Publication
(FIPS PUB) 186-3, Digital Signature Standard (DSS), June
2009.
[SEC1] Standards for Efficient Cryptography Group (SECG), SEC
1: Elliptic Curve Cryptography, Version 2.0, 2009.
[X9.62] X9.62-2005, "Public Key Cryptography for the Financial
Services Industry: The Elliptic Curve Digital Signature
Standard (ECDSA)", November, 2005.
6.2. Informative References
[SP800-107] Quynh Dang, NIST, "Recommendation for Applications Using
Approved Hash Algorithms", February 2009.
[SP800-78-1] W. Timothy Polk, Donna, F. Dodson, William E. Burr,
NIST, "Cryptographic Standards and Key Sizes for
Personal Identity Verification", August 2007.
[SP800-57] Elaine Barker, William Barker, William E. Burr, NIST,
"Recommendation for Key Management", August 2005.
7. Acknowledgements
The authors of this document would like to acknowledge great inputs
for this document from Alfred Hoenes, Sean Turner, Katrin Hoeper, and
many others from IETF community. The authors also appreciate many
great revision suggestions from Russ Housley and Paul Hoffman.
Authors' Addresses
Quynh Dang
NIST
100 Bureau Drive, Stop 8930
Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8930
USA
EMail: quynh.dang@nist.gov
Stefan Santesson
3xA Security (AAA-sec.com)
Bjornstorp 744
247 98 Genarp
Sweden
EMail: sts@aaa-sec.com
Kathleen M. Moriarty
RSA, The Security Division of EMC
174 Middlesex Turnpike
Bedford, MA 01730
USA
EMail: Moriarty_Kathleen@emc.com
Daniel R. L. Brown
Certicom Corp.
5520 Explorer Drive
Mississaug, ON L4W 5L1
USA
EMail: dbrown@certicom.com
Tim Polk
NIST
100 Bureau Drive, Stop 8930
Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8930
USA
EMail: tim.polk@nist.gov